India’s Internal Security
- Police: Police is a state subject under the Constitution. The head of a police force in a state is the Director-General of Police (DGP) or Inspector- General of Police (IGP). For administrative purposes, each state is divided into ranges headed by the Deputy-Inspector General of Police (DIG) and a range is further divided into districts, each under the control of a Superintendent of Police (SP). All senior police posts in various are included in the Indian Police Service (IPS) cadres, recruitment for which is made on all – India basis. However, for lower ranks up to Deputy Superintendent (DSP), the recruitment is done at the state levels.
In big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad and Nagpur, police is headed by a Commissioner of Police, who enjoys magisterial powers.
- Central Reserve Police (CRPF):
Raised in: 1939
Headed by: Director-General
Headquarters: New Delhi
Objectives: To assist the state/Union Territory Police in maintenance of law and order
CRPF was raised at Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh and called ‘Crown Representative’s Police’, which after Independence became the Central Reserve Police. The 88th battalion of CRPF known as ‘Mahila battalion’ which was commissioned on March 30, 1986, is the world’s first paramilitary force comprising entirely of women.
- Border Security Force (BSF):
Raised in: 1965
Headed by: Director-General
Headquarters: New Delhi
Objectives: Vigilance on India’s international Jborders, and during war assumes supplementary role with the army.
- Assam Rifles:
Raised in: 1835
Headed by: Director-General
Headquarters: Shillong
Objectives: Vigilance of international borders in north-east and countering insurgency operations in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland.
It is the oldest paramilitary force in the country.
- Central Industrial Security Force(CISF):
Raised in: 1969
Headed by: Director-General
Headquarters: Delhi
Objectives: Provide security to industrial undertakings owned by the government
- Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP):
Raised in: 1962
Headed by: Director-General
Headquarters: New Delhi
Objectives: Guarding approximately 1,221 km of Indo-Tibetan border, extending from Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Lipulekh pass at Indo-Tibet junction and Nepal border. Also VIP security, law and order and bank security.
- Coast Guard:
Established in: 1978
Objectives: To protect the maritime and other national interests in the maritime zones of India.
- National Cadet Corps (NCC)
Established in: 1948
Objectives: To stimulate interest among the youth in the defence of the country in Order to built-up a reserve manpower to expand armed forces.
Divisions: (i) Senior (ii) Junior (iii) Girls
It is composed of students from educational institutions.
- Territorial Army:
Established: 1948
Objectives: A voluntary part-time (between 18 and 35 years) force, not professional soldiers but civilians, who wish to assist in defence of the country.
- Home Guards:
Raised : 1962
Objectives: To assist the police in maintaining security, to help defence forces local authorities in case of epidemics and to undertake such other services as may be required by the government from time to time.
- Intelligence Bureau (IB):
Established: 1920
Objectives: To collect secret information relating to country’s security.
IB was originally set up as Central Special Branch (CSB) in 1887 and renamed intelligence Bureau in 1920.
- Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):
Established: 1953
Objectives: To investigate cases of misconduct by public servants, cases of cheating, embezzlement and fraud, CBI is also entrusted with the investigation of international crime cases in collaboration with INTERPOL (International Police Organisation)
- National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB):
Established: 1953
Objectives: Collections of Crime statistics at the national level, information of inter-state and international criminals to help investigation agencies.
Important Tribes and Their Habitat
Location of Defence Establishments
All Indian Cities on River Banks
Important Regional Indian Dances
National Day & Other Important Days
