History of Maharashtra Notes PDF Download : आधुनिक महाराष्ट्राचा इतिहास

Updated on July 26, 2023
November 25, 2022 Shanku Maharashtra GK Current Affairs, Study Materials Comments Off on History of Maharashtra Notes PDF Download : आधुनिक महाराष्ट्राचा इतिहास

Maharashtra History Notes for Competitive Exam

About Maharashtra State – महाराष्ट्र राज्याबद्दल तपशील

In India, Maharashtra is the state which is also the biggest commercial and industrial center. The Maharashtra word is mainly formed from ‘Marathi’ word which means the great chariot driver. The culture and beauty are popular in the state of Maharashtra. In India, this is the wealthiest state. Is has Satara port which is also known as the hub of trade. The Maharashtra state is a pioneer when it comes to folk arts, literature, music, social reforms and many more. The state is also the economic heartland of the country. As a cultural field, this is a 2000-year-old one. The combination of Bhakti (devotion) and Parakram (valor) forms the Maharashtra ethos. ‘Peaceful co-existence’ is the simple ideology which was seen in Maharashtra.

Maharashtra History Introduction- महाराष्ट्राचा इतिहास

In the Indian culture, Maharashtra state has a glorious past. The great culture, great kings, and great rulers are an important part of Maharashtra’s history. This state is present in the western peninsular of India. In India, Maharashtra is also known as the third largest state which was founded by the separation of Marathi and Gujarati linguistic areas of the former Bombay state. In the north, the people of Gujarati used to live and in the other south, the Marathi-speaking people lived. The two language groups were demanding separation. As a result, the two states, one is Gujarat in the north and other Maharashtra in the south were created. Marathi is the main language in Maharashtra and the state was founded in 1960. Maharashtra comes under the second most populous state in India. In Maharashtra, Mumbai is India’s financial and commercial capital and it is the capital of Maharashtra. It is believed that the name Maharashtra originated from Marathi. Gujarat and the Union Territory of Dadara Nagar haveli to the North West, the Arabian Sea to the West, Andhra Pradesh to the South East and Goa to the South West, Madhya Pradesh to the North & North East, Chhattisgarh to the East Karnataka to the South are some parts which are included in the borders of Maharashtra. The Chinese traveler ‘Huan Tsang’ accounted for the name Maharashtra for the first time. The Maratha Empire was founded by Shivaji Bhosale. After struggling a lot with the Mughals the Empire was founded. Shivaji has the biggest place in the history of Maharashtra because he was a popular finest ruler and a great warrior. In the History of Maharashtra, the period of instability was happening between 1680 to 1707. Some important rulers of Maharashtra are as follows:

  • Balaji Vishwanath -1712-1721
  • Bajirao Peshwa -1721-1740
  • Nanasaheb Peshwa -1740-1761
  • ‘Thorale’ Madhaorao Peshwa -1761-1772
  • Narayanrao Peshwa -1772-1773
  • ‘Sawai’ Madhaorao Peshwa -1774-1795
  • ‘Second Bajirao Peshwa -1795-1802

Note this one:

  • The Yadava Dynasty was the one who ruled most of present-day Maharashtra in the 14th century.
  • Maurya Empire took Maharashtra under them and this was the thing of the third and fourth centuries.
  • Muhammad bin Tughlaq was shifted to Daulatabad when they conquered parts of Deccan. They used to live in Delhi before this thing.
  • In Maharashtra, many Late Harappan Chalcolithic sites were discovered. At Diamabad, the largest settlement of this culture was seen.
  • The Mughals were defeated by the Marathas and at that time, they conquered large territories in the northern.

Districtwise Maharashtra History GK MCQs and Answers for Various Competitive Exams : जिल्हानिहाय महाराष्ट्र इतिहास GK MCQs आणि उत्तरे:-

Maharashtra Culture – महाराष्ट्राची संस्कृती

Various cultural affiliations are part of Maharashtra Land. Maharashtrians are specially known treating everyone with love and gratitude. The state is made up of small regions where diversity is seen. Everything from food, dialects, ethnicity and folk songs are different in each regions. The unique culture and vibrant arts of Potraj, Gondhali communities, Vasudev and Waghya Murali are famous in the state of Maharashtra. In the Maharashtra, different people of Hindus, Muslims Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians are spending peaceful life. On the other side, the Mahadeo, Kolis, Warlis, Gonds and Bhils are tribal communities who consider the Deccan plateau of Maharashtra their home. Even after following their traditions and lifestyle, they live peacefully. In the Maharashtra, ‘Marathi’ language is regional. Other languages spoken by different communities as well.

Maharashtra’s popular Art and Handcrafts – महाराष्ट्रातील लोकप्रिय कला आणि हस्तकला

Over the centuries, many cultures and heritage rooted in myriad traditions have been preserved in India. The Maharashtra is famous for cotton production and the clothes for nobles were provided by the same. The Aurangabad district is the origin where gold and silver used for weaving. The State of Maharashtra has the most expensive silk woven sarees ‘Paithani’. In the Aurangabad, Bidri ware is an ancient craft. The handmade slippers from buffalo hide are Kolhapuri chappals In the state Maharashtra, Nath and Saaj are popular traditional pieces of jewelry of Kolhapur. The Art form of Maharashtra is Natya Sangeet and theatre is the popular form of folk. A traditional dance form of Maharashtra is ‘Lavani’. This is a land of artists because it has famous Hindi film industry. Many people come to Maharashtra with their dreams and sometimes the magic happens for good. The natural wonders, many monuments and heritage sites are popular for the visitors here.

Food of Maharashtra – महाराष्ट्रातील खाद्यपदार्थ

In the Maharashtra, hot aromatic meat and fish curries are immensely famous. The people use rice and jiggery to prepare sweet savouries.A wide range of raw mango, coconut, tamarind, Amsul, and peanuts Kokum were important ingredients in the dishes. Rice, Jawar, Lentils, wheat, seasonal fruits, vegetables, Bajra etc. are part of the stables of the state. The traditional dishes of the state Maharashtra include Pohe, Batata Bhaji, Bharli Vangi, Sol Kadhi, Pithla Bhakri, Amti Taambda Rassa, Mis Veg Kolhapuri, and Sabudana Vada. The Shrikhand, Amrakhand, Modak and Puran Poli Taste mild and all the people serve them as sweet. The street foods that are famous in the state are Misal Pav, Pav Bhaji, Wada Pav, Ragda Pattice etc. The nutrition, flavors and love are the three main ingradients of Maharashtra food.

Maharashtra Most Popular Historical places – महाराष्ट्रातील सर्वात लोकप्रिय ऐतिहासिक स्थळे

  1. Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus- the modern Archaic railway station f formerly known as Victoria Terminus. CST or Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was created in 1878. In 1997. It was a world Heritage Site UNESCO.
  2. Mumbai Gateway of India- this is the most famous place in Maharashtra. The Gateway of India which was the defining monument of the city was developed in 1924.
  3.  Mumbai Elephanta Caves- A specimen of rock cut and architecture makes this historical place more beautiful. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on the Elephanta or Gharapuri island. The Mumbai skyline can be viewed from the Elephanta Caves place.
  4. Khandala Lohagad Fort- The distance between Pune and Lohagad Fort is 52 kilometers. People who loved to see the natural beauty and ancient history can visit this destination., this place is perfectly suitable.
  5. Khandala Visapur Fort- For Adventure mongers and nature lovers.
  6. Aurangabad Daulatabad Fort- This historical place is an ancient fortification that has been the midst of verdant greenery risen. This is a architectural marvel which was developed in the 12th century. To reach the top, there are 750 odd steps to pass.
  7. Lonavala Tikona Fort- this historical fort is a dominant hill fortress Konkan region. Vitandgad is the real name of this fort in the Marathi language.
  8. Aurangabad Bibi-ka-Maqbara- In the year 1661, the Bibi-ka Maqbara was built by Aurangzeb which looks like the Taj Mahal.
  9. Kolhapur Panhala Fort- This fort is the most massive place in Maharashtra.
  10.  Pune Aga Khan Palace-  In the year 1892, Sultan Muhammed Shah developed the Aga Khan palace in Pune.
  11. 1  Pune Shaniwar Wada- The Shaniwar Wada is also known as the Former love-nest of  Bajirao and Kashi. It is a popular destination in Maharashtra. The Peshwa Bahirao himself created the grand mansion.
  12.  Kolhapur Shri Chhatrapati Shahu Museum (New Palace)- The new palace of Kolhapur was built in the year 1877-84. The Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj used to live there at that time.

Ancient History of Maharashtra Notes – महाराष्ट्राचा प्राचीन इतिहास नोट्स

In the Ancient history, this state was demarcated into north Konkan and south Konkan and its capital was Puri. Aparanta was the other of Konkan. The Konkan ports were referred to as the ancient Greeks and Egyptians and to Arab traders. The ancient Hindu Kingdoms bring prosperity through the spice trade. The Maharashtra culture was shaped by the creeks and ports. It also plays a crucial role in the same. The commercial dealing of few western countries like Africa, Egypt, Iraq and Iran were witnessed by Konkan region.

Islamic influence on the Maharashtra’s history – महाराष्ट्राच्या इतिहासावर इस्लामिक प्रभाव

On the Maharashtra history, Islamic influence was in considerable amount like other rule. The Khilji Dynasty was the one who firstly did Islamic invasions. And, it was reached the Narmada River of South. In the year 1296 Ad, the Deccan region was invaded by the Ala-ud-din Khilji. The last kings of Hindu were defeated by him only. Delhi became the capital of Islamic rulers when they invaded the northern part of country. This trend was followed by many others. The Mohammad Bin Tughlaq were the next Islamic invasions after the Khalji Dynasty. The Mohammad Bin Tughalaq was the one who influence the state after him. His Empire was extended till Madhurai. After ruling of Tughalaq Dynasty, the region was ruled by Bahmani Sultanate for 150 years.

Maratha and Shivaji Empire – मराठा आणि शिवाजी साम्राज्याचा इतिहास 

In the 17th century, the Maratha Empire was beginning to create a landmark for the Maharashtra state. In the Bijapur Sultanate, the Shivaji was the one who established the Maratha Empire during the year 1674. When the Shivaji was a leader new momentum was developed. The Muslim of Bijapur was ruling on some Marathas but Shivaji unchained them from the rule. Later, the army of Shivaji was continuously attacked the territory of Mughal emperors. The Capturing of the port of Surat was part of the same campaigns which was held opposite to the Mughals. The Shivaji became the king of the Marathas or the Chhatrapati after ten years. The Sambhaji and Rajaram were the sons of Shivaji. And they ruled the empire after Shivaji’s death in 1680.

Maharashtra History Before the times of Shivaji Maharaj – शिवाजी महाराजांच्या काळापूर्वीचा महाराष्ट्राचा इतिहास

Almost all the territories in Maharashtra were controlled by Nizamshah of Ahmadnagar and Adilshah of Bijapur at the start of the Seventeenth Century. The reason behind entering the Khandesh was to expand south power.Due to conflict between the Portuguese, the French, the British and the Dutch, insecurity and instability were created in the Maharashtra. ‘Topkar’ were the people of Europe which were named on the basis of their customary headgear.

Village, Kasba and Pargana

‘Mauja’ is also known village. At the time, people used to live in villages. ‘Patil’ was well-known chief of the village. He was responsible for maintaining peace and resolving disputes in the village. The records of collecting revenue were maintained by Kulkarni. A big village was known for Kasba. Pargana had a headquarters which was also known as kasba. The Accounts of Peth were maintained by Mahajan. When many villages come together and form a place then it was known for ‘Pargana’. The Pargana had two Watandar officers named Deshpande and Deshmukh. In the Pargana level, Deshmukh was responsible for the work as Patil does.

Varkari Movement – Maharashtra History

Society was having a great impact on rituals and blind beliefs. Fatalistic and inert conditions developed among people and they lost all the initiative at the same time. To inspire the masses, the Sants entered Maharashtra in such a situation. Sant Snyaneshwar and Sant Namdev were the first to begin the tradition of saints. Women were also part of the Sants. The Sant movement took place at the center which is Pandharpur.

The people who were part of Sant tradition are Sant Goroba, Sant Chokhamela, Sant ShaikhMuhammad, Sant Nirmalabai, Sant Sena, Sant Sawata, Sant Narhari, Sant Janabai, Sant Muktabai, Sant Chokhoba’s wife Sant Soyrabai, Sant Bahinabai Siurkar, and Sant Kanhopatra.

Some important things about Maharashtra to read:(महाराष्ट्राबद्दल काही महत्वाची माहिती)

  • Among all the cities, Mumbai is the biggest one in Maharashtra.
  • Mumbai city is also known as the capital of Maharashtra.
  • ‘Marathi’ is the main regional and official language of State.
  • In Maharashtra, the ‘Mango tree’ is the state tree, ‘Jarul’ is the state flower, and ‘Squirrel is the state Animal. The date when the state of Maharashtra was formed on 1 May 1960.
  • According to the area, the Maharashtra state ranks third in India because of its 307,713 km2 area.

Chronology of Maharashtra History (महाराष्ट्र इतिहासाचा कालक्रम)

  1. ‘Ashmika’ was named to 16 great janapadas:→ 600 BC
  2. When Satvahanas ruled:→ 230 BC to 225 AD
  3. Vidharba was ruled by the Vakatakas:→ 250 to 525 AD
  4. When Chalukyas ruled (Badami Chalukyas):→ 550 to 760 AD
  5. First visit of Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang in Maharashtra:→ 640 AD
  6. An End of Rashtrakuta rule:→ 973 AD
  7. The Chalukyas ruled (Western Chalukyas):→ 973 to 1180 AD
  8. When the Yadavas of Deogiri ruled:→ 1189 to 1310 AD
  9. When the Alla-ud-din Khilji defeated the Yadavas and conquered the Deccan:→ 1296 AD
  10. Mumbai was occupied by Portuguese:→ 1534 AD
  11. The Sultan of Bijapur was defeated by Shivaji and he captures Satara from him:→ 1659 AD
  12. From Portugal to Britain, Mumbai was transferred:→ 1661 AD
  13. The Mumbai was transferred to British East India Company by the British government:→ 1668 AD
  14. The date when Shivaji crowned as the king of the Marathas:→ 1674 AD
  15. Shivaji’s death:→ 1680 AD
  16. Sambhaji’s death:→ 1689 AD
  17. The date when Shahu Become Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire:→ 1707 AD
  18. The date when Bajirao became Peshwa (Prime Minister):→ 1720 AD
  19. Bajirao I death:→ 1740 AD
  20. The town of Attock was captured by Maratha Empire:→ 1756 AD
  21. The Third Battle of Panipat when Maratha were defeated:→ 14 January 1761
  22. First Anglo-Maratha War:→ 1775-1782
  23. Aglo-Maratha War-Second:→ 1803-1805
  24. Aglo-Maratha War –Third:→ 1817-1818
  25. Bajirao II Peshwa Surrenders to the British:→ 3 June 1818
  26. India became independent:→ 15 August 1947
  27. Enlargement of Bombay State to include all of present Maharashtra:→ 1 November 195
  28. New state of Gujarat and Maharashtra formed after splitting of Bombay state along linguistic lines:→ 1 May 1960

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