“Agriculture in Maharashtra”- Complete Notes for Various Exam : “महाराष्ट्रातील कृषि” – विविध परीक्षांसाठी पूर्ण नोट्स

“Agriculture in Maharashtra”- Complete Notes for Various Exam

Agriculture is one of the primary occupations of people in Maharashtra. Maharashtra being the 2nd most populous state in the country depends greatly on agriculture.Maharashtra is a state that is primarily supported by agriculture mainly due to its geographical location. The economy of Maharashtra state is primarily dependent on agriculture sector.  both cash crops and food crops are grown in Maharashtra. Rice, jowar, bajra, wheat, lentils, turmeric, onions, cotton, sugarcane, and a number of oil seeds like peanut, sunflower, and soybean are among the main crops. Mangoes, bananas, grapes, and oranges are the primary fruits grown throughout the state. 33,500 square km of irrigated land have been utilised for crop cultivation. Most of the state’s agriculture is rain-fed. The state contains 24% of the nation’s drought-prone territory. Despite these obstacles, the state’s agricultural economy has room for expansion.

• Maharashtra is known forest diverse agro climatic conditions which allow for the cultivation of wide range of cops here are some key aspects of agriculture in Maharashtra

1. Crop cultivation: a variety of crops including cereals pulses oil seeds fruits vegetables and cash crops are grown in Maharashtra. Major crops grown in the state include rice wheat jawar bajra tour gram soybean sugarcane cotton and fruits like grapes orange and mangoes.
2. Irrigation: due to Maharashtra’s diverse topography, irrigation is crucial feature of agricultural activities in the state. the state has a well-developed irrigation infrastructure which includes dams’ canals and reservoirs. Major irrigation projects like the Bhima, Krishna, Godavari River projects have been undertaken to ensure adequate water supply to agricultural land.
3. Cooperative movement: Maharashtra has a strong cooperative movement in agriculture which is played a significant role in states agricultural development agricultural credit societies sugar cooperatives dairy cooperatives have held in providing financial assistance market linkage and better infrastructure to farms.
4. Agro-industry have a significant presencestate of Maharashtra. Industries like sugar mills, dairy processing units, cotton textile mills, oil seed processing plants and fruit and juice processing units are present in the state.All these industries contribute to value addition and providing employment opportunities in rural and agricultural parts of Maharashtra.
5. Government initiatives: the government Maharashtra has implemented several schemes and initiatives to support agricultural development hey. These include subsidies on agriculture inputs, crop insurance schemes, promotion of organic farming, modernization of irrigation system, investment in agriculture and research.
6. Challenges: Maharashtra faces challenges in agriculture such as water scarcity, uneven distribution of rainfall, pest and disease, lack of advocate infrastructure in remote areas and the need for sustainable farming practices climate change and unpredictable weather patterns also pose challenge to agricultural productivity.
7. Agricultural tourism: Maharashtra has started to promote agricultural tourism also known as agro tourism to provide tourist with a firsthand experience of rural life farming practices and agro based activities. This initiative not only promotes tourism but also generates secondary income for the farmers.

Development of agriculture in Maharashtra:

Maharashtra owing to its favourable climate ample availability of water resources for tile soil has a diverse agricultural landscape. The state has been focusing on agricultural development by implementing various policies programmes some of the features which come under developmental schemes include :

• 1.) irrigation
• 2.) crop diversification
• 3.) technology adoption
• 4.) research in development
• 5.) farmer welfare scheme
• 6.) organic farming
• 7.) market infrastructure
• 8.) agro processing and
• 9.) value edition

these are some of the key aspects off agricultural development in Maharashtra the state continues to focus on improving productivity sustainability and overall wellbeing of the farmers through various schemes and initiatives

Agriculture schemes in the Maharashtra state

The government of Maharashtra understands the role of agricultural sector in its economy hence to support the farmers in the state they have implemented a number of schemes. The goals of the schemes is to promote sustainable farming, enhance productivity, aimed increasing the livelihood means of farmers.

Some of the schemes include:

Nanaji Deshmukh Krishi Sanjivani yojana: this scheme aims on revolutionising farming practices and rejuvenating the agricultural sector named after nanaji Deshmukh a renowned social activist and proponent of rural development, this initiative has been instrumental in empowering farmers improving productivity in crops and supports sustainable agriculture.

Eligibility criteria:

1. Farmers who reside in Maharashtra are eligible to apply under this programme.
2. Only middle-class and small-scale farmers qualify.
3. A farmer from a region of Maharashtra that frequently experiences drought may apply.

Objectives:

• To enhance agricultural productivity by means of advanced techniques and technologies
• To Promote organic farming and reduction of chemicals used in agriculture
• To conserve water and promote irrigation
• To encourage cultivation off high value crops and different variety of crops
• to train farmers through dissemination of knowledge and financial assistance.

Important features: 1.)under the scheme farmers receive soils health card which provides information about soil quality nutrient content and recommendations for amendments and application of appropriate fertilizers

• the scheme also helps the farmers to access modern equipment on rental basis so as to reduce burden of owning the equipment and promote mechanisation
• Apart from this organic farming, providing training to the farmers, subsidies and incentives for farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices
• The scheme also promotes water harvesting to address issue of droughts and water scarcity it also helps to improve efficiency of irrigation
• Efforts are made to established robust marketing linkage ensuring that farmers have access to fair price exit point for their produce and reducing post- harvest losses through better storage and transportation facilities.
• The state government has collaborated with agricultural universities research institution and NGOs to provide Technical Support training and capacity building programs to farmers under this scheme.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Shetkari Sanman Yojana:

This scheme is a government scheme implemented in India as well as Maharashtra in order to provide financial assistance and support to the farmers the scheme was launched on 24th February 2017. Under this scheme farmers are eligible to receive a loan waiver for their overbearing agricultural losses. The scheme aims to elevate the burden of death on farmers and provide them with financial relief the waiver applies to loans taken from various financial institutes including cooperative banks, nationalised banks and district central cooperative.

Eligibility criteria:1. Farmer should be resident for domicile to the state of Maharashtra.

2. The farmer should have taken a loan for agricultural purposes
3. The lone should have been disrupted because of specific cut-off date set by the government.

• Key features: the state government plans to relieve each farmer’s debt by Rs 1.5 lakh under the scheme.Additionally, it has been made clear by the government that any farmer who has consistently made loan repayments is also qualified to earn a return benefit equal to around 25% of the loan amount.As part of a strategy to make the implementation process more efficient for them, the government has decided that state legislators’ contributions of one month’s pay will assist wipe off the loan amount for agriculture in Maharashtra state.
• The scheme provides partial or complete loan waivers depending on the amount and the category of farmers. The eligible farmer receives a certificate of loan waiver and the government directly pays off their at the same symptoms she had loans to the respective banks or financial institutions.
• The scheme can provide relief to small and marginal farmers reducing their financial burdens and help them start afresh.

Chief Minister Agriculture And Food Processing Scheme:

• Agriculture and Food Processing Scheme of the Chief Minister to advance the processing sector.
• Mango, onion, pulses and oilseeds, grape, orange, pomegranate, cashew, strawberry, tomato, sugarcane, dairy, fishery, and animal husbandry are processed in Maharashtra on a huge scale.
• the “Mukhyamantri Krishi va Ann Prakriya Yojana” have both been put into place in Maharashtra to reduce food waste and support the processing industry.
• Beginning with the fiscal year 2017–18, the “Chief Minister Agriculture and Food Processing Scheme” will be in effect for the following five years.
• The components of financial assistance under this scheme are as follows:
• The development of agriculture and food processing. B. Modernization and advancement of Maharashtra’s agricultural sector, including a cold chain programme. C. A plan for developing and generating labour. D. Approval of the final grant payment for projects under the National Food Processing Mission that have been approved but are still in progress.

Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyaan

In an effort to make Maharashtra a drought-free state by 2019, the Maharashtra government has initiated the “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyaan” programme. The project entails the widening and deepening of streams, the building of cement and earthen stop dams, the repair of nullahs and the excavation of farm ponds. These areas are being mapped using a smartphone app that MRSAC created. This website allows you to keep tabs on the location as it is mapped. The user will be able to download the application, view the user guide, and examine maps of the places with images. Additionally, statistics are available in tabular and graphical form for districts, talukas, and occupations. The project seeks to eradicate water scarcity from 5000 villages annually.

4.)The Gopinath Munde Accident Insurance Scheme: The Yojana programme was established to offer financial support to farmers who suffer fatal or disabling injuries in an agricultural accident that causes their families to go hungry. in order to prevent malnutrition in the event that the family’s breadwinner passes away or becomes handicapped.

The Gopinath Munde Accident Insurance Scheme was established with the intention of enhancing the social and economic well-being of the farmer. The purpose of this programme is to A.) provide state farmers with insurance coverage. B.) to raise the farmer’s standard of living. C.) to empower state farmers to become independent. D.) In the event of an accident, the farmer won’t need to borrow money from anyone or rely on anyone else to pay for his own medical care.making the Gopinath Munde accident insurance programme a bright future for farmers in the state.

5.) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): PMFBY is a nationwide programme that insures crops. In the event that a farmer’s crop is lost due to a natural disaster, a pest infestation, or a disease, it offers financial assistance. The programme guarantees farmers’ protection from the risks involved in agricultural work and aids in stabilising their income.

6.) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Shetkari Karj Mukti Yojana: This programme was started to help state farmers who were in debt. It seeks to free individual farmers from debt by waiving the repayment of their agricultural loans. Small and marginal farmers benefit from the programme, which gives them a much-needed financial break.

• The Soil Health Card Scheme: Soil testing and individualised suggestions for farmers to increase soil fertility are the main objectives of the Soil Health Card Scheme. Under this plan, farmers receive specialised nutrient management plans once soil samples are taken and examined. This increases crop productivity and aids farmers in making educated decisions regarding the usage of fertilisers.
• The Rajiv Gandhi Krishi Vikas Yojana:

The Maharashtra State Agricultural Department’s RGKVY programme aims to advance sustainable farming methods and raise agricultural output. The programme offers farmers financial assistance so they can embrace cutting-edge machinery, equipment, and technology. Additionally, it emphasises the development of agribusiness hubs and the promotion of organic farming.

• Mahatma Phule Agricultural Universities: Maharashtra is home to a number of well-known agricultural universities, including Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth and Dr. Panjab Rao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth. These universities are essential to agricultural extension, education, and research efforts. They give farmers access to cutting-edge farming methods, educational opportunities, and technical know-how to enhance their farming methods.

In conclusion, the Maharashtra government has made great efforts to assist the agricultural industry and alleviate the difficulties encountered by farmers. The adoption of several programmes, including CSMSSY, PMFBY, debt relief measures, soil health programmes, and funding for agricultural universities, has aided in raising agricultural productivity and improving farmer livelihoods. These programmes support sustainable farming methods, technical development, and knowledge exchange in addition to offering financial aid. Maharashtra is well-positioned to achieve long-term growth in its agricultural sector and contribute to the general welfare of its rural inhabitants by maintaining its focus on agricultural development.

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