“Maharashtra Soil and its types” Study Notes for MPSC and other Competitive Exam: महाराष्ट्रातील मुद्रा व मुद्रा प्रकार

Maharashtra Soil and its types Notes for MPSC, and other studies

The studies related to soil falls under the studies of Maharashtra Geography. Hence, it is compulsory for the candidates to study topics of soil. In this article, all the information about ‘Soil of Maharashtra’ is provided. The notes for its subtopics like soil and its types in Maharashtra in Maharashtra are also prepared for the respective readers. You can use these notes for MPSC Rajyaseva, MPSC CDPO, Maharashtra Police Bharti and other exams. In India, the three natural regions of Maharashtra are the Maharashtra plateau, the Konkan coastal strip and the Sahyadri range. Maharashtra is a state which is known for third largest state in India.The black clayey soils are the type of soil in Maharashtra.

Maharashtra Soil

In the Maharashtra, structure of soil depends on the geology and climate of the region. In Maharashtra, ‘Residual’ is the status of Soil and is derived from the underlying basalts. The Basalt rock form more than 80% of the state Maharashtra. It composes the black soil and the black soil is present in large amount in the Maharashtra.  In the East, the soil is heavier than the soil of west. The peppered saline soil is there in various districts like Sangali, Pune, Satara, Thane, Raigarh, Ahmednagar, Dhule and Solapur. According to that, the soil is classified into four groups. Soil of Upper Maharashtra, Soil of Lower Maharashtra, Soil of Konkan coast, and Soil of Western Ghats. In the region of Western Ghats, the severe erosion is highest, according to the soil profile. Later, with 11.5 percent it is followed by the lower Maharashtra. In the Maharashtra, the geographic area of 96.4 percent is subject to various degrees of erosion. The pH of Soil of South Konkan coast is 5.5 to 6.5 and it is Laterite. The Soil of this region contains nitrogen and Potassium in large amount. But, it has less phosphorous. The pH of Soils of North Konkan coast is 5.5 to 6.5 and it is Shallow & Coarse. The soils of this region contain more nitrogen as it is acidic and low phosphorous and potash. ‘Warkas’ is light laterite and reddish brown and it is the popular local name of Soils of Western Ghats. The old crystalline rocks and saline soils are present in the Waliganga river valley (The Wardha). This type of soiling makes the soil infertile. In this soil structure, iron and granular content are more so the soil has a natural resistance to water and wind erosion.

Study Soil of Maharashtra

We considered the soil a non-living thing which true, but it is essential for many living things. It works for small worms, insects and reptiles also. To maintain a healthy ecosystem, the soil is essentially required. The thin layer present in the earth’s crust is nothing but the soil. For the plants, this layer acts as a natural medium. There are four constituents that together make soil. The Soil is made up of 45% Minerals, 25% Water, 25% Air and 5% Organic Substance. When the rocks break down, then the formation of soil takes place and it is called as Weathering. The environment is responsible for the soil formation and its quality. Water, Wind and Climate are the factors that contribute to the soil formation. The types of plant that soil grows and rocks from which it is made are the things responsible for the nature of the soil.

  1. Black Soil and its characteristics:

‘Lava soil or Regur soil’ are the popular names for this soil. In the areas of Maharashtra, More than ¾ of the state is this black soil.The basalt can be defined as the fissures of igneous rock.The fissures of igneous rock mainly forms the soil.In the Tapi river basin, the soils have highest thickness.The districts such as Amravati (located in the west Vidarbha), Yawatmal Akola and Washim have the presence of this soil.The Basins of the Bhima-Krishna and the Godavari rivers contain black soil in the Maharashtra. A high moisture retention capacity is the first feather of black soil in Maharashtra. This soil capacity is include irrigation process.With the help of irrigation, the black soil can grow various crops in the soil. The soils are swampy because of over-irrigation. As a result, it does not drain easily. The lime content in this soil is very high and that is why the black soil retains water. This soil has black color because it contains Titaniferous magnetite.

  1. Red Soil and it’s characteristics

The high rainfall areas contain this type of soil. Rarely do people use this soil for agriculture. The red soil contains iron in high amount which is responsible for giving red colour to the soil. The content of calcium, phosphorous, potassium and organic matters is low in this soil. Archean, Kadappa, and Vindhyan are the types of rocks and they form this soil.In the Maharashtra, the red soil that are formed from Archean rocks can be found in North Konkan, South Konkan and East Vidarbha. The soils which are formed from Schist and Gneiss can be found in East Maharashtra. On the other hand, Basalt formed soil can be found in the Western Maharashtra. This soils react with chemical fertilizers very quickly. This type of soil in Maharashtra also improves drainage. The areas such as Bhandara, Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Western Ghats of Maharashtra and Gondia have this type of soils.

  1. Alluvial Soil and it’s characteristics

A pale yellow is the color of this soil in Maharashtra. Sedimentation in river is mainly responsible for the formation of this soil. The soil has fertile feature due to its capacity of high moisture retention. The coastal and river banks areas contain this Alluvial soil of Maharashtra.  The high amount of organic matter and humus is there in the Sandy loan soils. In the Maharashtra, the Konkan coast have the presence of Sandy loan soils. The basins of the Krishna, Panchganga, Tapi, Bhima and Godavari rivers have Alluvial type of soil in it. And, the amount of potash in the soil is very low.

  1. Laterite Soil and its characteristics

‘Brick’ is the meaning of Laterite word and it is derived from the Latin word. The color of this type of soil is ‘red’ or ‘yellow’. The high content of iron in this soil makes it red or yellow in color. These soils have more aluminum deposits because the soil contains aluminum, titanium, and iron in more amounts. Regions such as the eastern part of Ratnagiri, the southern part of the Sahyadri Mountains, and the eastern part of the Sindhudurg have this type of soil. The western part of the Kolhapur and Satara also contains a laterite type of soil.  The process named ‘Jambha’ is mainly involved in the formation of Laterite Soil. For agricultural purposes, this type of soil is infertile because of the low amount of potassium, nitrogen, and organic matter. The Laterite soil is not perfect for irrigation. Because moisture retention does not take place in this soil. For Orchids, this kind of soil is generally beneficial.

  1. Clay Soil and its characteristics

This soil is clay soil and it is called by the same name as it retains water for a longer period of time. In the Maharashtra, the northern parts of Gondia, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, and Nagpur have this type of soil. The draining capacity of this soil is very low. Hence, it is fertile soil. This soil cannot seep water quickly because of its high sediment content.

Soil types and crops:-

Soil types in Maharashtra → Crops

Black Soil → For the crops of Tur, Sugarcane, wheat, cotton, Bajra, and sorghum this soil can be used.

Red Soil → For the Saga forests, this soil can be used.

Laterite Soil → For the mango and cashew, this soil can be used.

Clay Soil → For the crops Sorghum, wheat and Sugarcane this soil can be used.

Alluvial Soil → For the crops of vegetables, sugarcane, pophali, soil rice and,nachanithis soil can be used.


 

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७ वी (7th) दहावी (SSC) बारावी (HSC) डिप्लोमा आय.टी.आय पदवी
पदव्युत्तर शिक्षण बी.एड एम.एड एल.एल.बी / एल.एल.एम बीएससी एमबीए
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