“Maharashtra Forest Biology” Study Notes for Various exams in Maharashtra State
—- Notes By: Mrs. Sarika Sahil Kulkarni (DMLT MSc microbiology, MH-SET, Pursing PhD), Lecturer
Maharashtra Forest Biology:-
Maharashtra forest is one of the major topics included in competitive exams.Forest can be defined as a large landscape of area which is surrounded by variety of animals, trees, plant and aquatic species. In Maharashtra, there is a huge area is taken off by a forest. In India Maharashtra comes to the third rank for the recorded forest area. Maharashtra contents 61,576 square kilometers of recorded forest area which is also called as RFA. This recorded forest area is divided into 3 parts such as reserved forest, protected forest and unclassified forest.
From the recorded forest area, the huge area of forest is taken up by reserved forest that is approximately 49000 square kilometers, secondly the protected forest its surrounded in 7000 square kilometers area where as the remaining area is for UN classified forest.
Classification of forest in Maharashtra
In Maharashtra, forest its classified into seven types such as tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical thorn forest, tropical semi evergreen forest, tropical monsoon forest, subtropical evergreen forest and coastal mangrove forest.
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Tropical rainforest
It is also called as optimum biome (it contains variety of habitat for plants and animals), because it basically provides in normal or optimum condition for the growth of trees or plants in a year. It includes both flora and fauna. Flora in which only trees are included such as climbers, orchids etc. Where as in fauna mammals, Birds, insects, reptiles and amphibians are included. Tropical rainforest has a highest rainfall. The net primary production is also the highest in tropical rain forest.
This Tropical rainforest its present in Konkan region such as Sindhudurg district and Sawant wadi area.
The optimum temperature in such forest is 22° C whereas climatic condition can be the mixture of hot and humid weather.
This kind of forest include very dense trees which are having average height 45 to 65 m they are always evergreen with a lot of leaves and branches. The forest is very dense and plants are thick, as they have optimum condition throughout a year therefore they grows continuously.
For example: Rosewood tree and Mahogany tree are the major example.
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Tropical deciduous forest
The annual rainfall in tropical deciduous forest is 130 to 1280 cm per year whereas the average temperature life in between 25 to 39 degrees Celsius. The tropical deciduous forest is the second highest forest where maximum rainfall occurs after Tropical rain forest. The forest become dense when major rainfall occurs and can be converted into barren land when there is no rainfall or less rainfall.
The tropical deciduous forest is found in Maharashtra in Ajanta and Satpura area. Normally the trees grow in tropical deciduous forest are shisam, anjan, teak and Palas.
The trees grow in tropical deciduous forest have economic importance as they can be used in making honey and gum and can be used to make Ayurvedic oils and medicines.
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Tropical thorn forest
The tropical thorn forest can be characterized as the forest where desert like conditions is present. In tropical thorn forest seasonal rainfall occurs, the annual rainfall in tropical thorn forest is less than 30 cm per year. The normal temperature in such forest is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. The trees are present in tropical thorn forest therefore it is called as tropical thorn forest.
In Maharashtra tropical thorn forest are present in Ahmednagar, Solapur, Vidarbha and Marathwada areas. Some ranges of tropical thorn forest are also present in Sangli, Satara and Pune.
The trees grow in tropical thorn forest typically have short leaves (to prevent photosynthesis) and thick bark. Present in tropical thorn forest in Maharashtra are khair and acacia.
There is no much importance of this plants but they can be used for firewood purpose and used to make some ayurvedic herbs. In the wood of these trees can be used to make agricultural tools.
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Tropical semi evergreen forest
The tropical semi evergreen forest like in between tropical deciduous forest and tropical evergreen forest. It can be termed as transition type of forest. Therefore, it is also called semi deciduous forest. Tropical semi evergreen forest can be termed as a scientific term where plants may Suffer for loss of leaves for some period of time and can start a new growth of leaves or foliage.
The average temperature in tropical semi evergreen forest is 24 to 29 degrees Celsius where are annual rainfall in such forest is 70 to 130 centimeters per year. The tropical semi evergreen forest can be found in Maharashtra in Western Ghat and Konkan areas, whereas Amboli, Lonavala also contain some part of semi evergreen forest. Normally the trees found in semi evergreen forest are shisam, bibla and bamboo etc.
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Tropical monsoon forest
Tropical monsoon forest is also called as tropical moist deciduous forest. The annual rainfall in tropical monsoon forest is 130 to 280 cm per year whereas the average temperature it’s 25 to 39 degrees Celsius. In Maharashtra the area of tropical monsoon forest is also called as forest of alapalli.
The tropical monsoon forest can be found in Nashik, Nandurbar, Harishchandra Balaghat and Kolhapur. Some part of tropical monsoon forest also presents in Melghat which is in the Satpura Range. The tropical monsoon forest is not very thick at Tropical rain forest, because of seasonal rainfall. The trees present in this area are she shisam, amla, kusum and Lendi etc.
The wood of the such trees is used to make furniture the moha flower can be used to make wine.
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Subtropical evergreen forest
Tropical evergreen forest can also be called as warm temperate evergreen forest. The average temperature in subtropical evergreen forest is 25 to 27 degrees Celsius whereas the annual rainfall in tropical evergreen forest is approximately 70 to 130 centimeters per year.
In Maharashtra subtropical evergreen forest are majorly present in Matheran and Bhimashankar where as it is also present in Mahabaleshwar and Panchgani.
The trees present in subtropical evergreen forest are mango, hirda, bheda etc. These trees are mainly used for the preparation of Herbs and drinks.
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Coastal mangrove forest
The coastal mangrove forest is also called as mangrove thickets, tidal forest and oceanic rain forest. These forests are generally found near the river, sea or ocean.
The average temperature in coastal mangrove forest is 25 to 29 degrees Celsius. Whereas the rifle occurs in coastal mangrove forest is 130 to 250 cm per year approximately.
In Maharashtra mangrove forest are found in Thane, Palghar, raigarh, ratnagiri and Sindhudurg areas. The trees present in coastal mangrove forest are kandal and Marendi. Trees present in coastal mangrove forest are used to make wine and ayurvedic herb.
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